Pengertian
Simple Present Tense
Simple
Present Tense adalah bentuk waktu yang digunakan untuk menyatakan
suatu perbuatan atau kegiatan yang berlangsung/terjadi pada waktu sekarang
dalam bentuk sederhana, kegiatan atau pekerjaan yang dilakukan berulang-ulang,
kebiasaan sehari-hari, peristiwa atau perbuatan yang tidak ada kaitannya dengan
waktu, dan untuk mengekspresikan kebenaran umum.
Simple
Present Tense menggunakan jenis "TO BE 1" and "VERB 1"
TO
BE 1 terdiri dari: am, is, are (untuk selengkapnya, lihat tabel berikut)
I
|
Am
|
You
|
Are
|
They
|
We
|
He
|
Is
|
She
|
It
|
I
|
Do / Don't
|
You
|
They
|
We
|
He
She
It
|
Does / Doesn't
|
CATATAN:
DO dan DOES digunakan pada
kalimat tanya.
DON'T
(DO NOT) dan DOESN'T (DOES NOT)
digunakan pada kalimat negatif.
TO
BE 1 (am, is, are) digunakan ketika suatu kalimat tidak ada unsur kata
kerja (NON VERB)
Rumus
dan Contoh Kalimat Simple Present Tense
Mengekspresikan kalimat Simple Present
Tense yang menggunakan kata kerja (VERB)
+
|
Subject + Verb 1 + Object
|
-
|
Subject + DON'T / DOESN'T + Verb 1 + Object
|
?
|
DO / DOES + Subject + Verb 1 + Object?
|
?
|
Question Word + DO/ DOES + Subject + Verb 1?
|
Contoh :
+
|
I speak English everyday
She speaks English everyday
|
-
|
I don't speak English
She doesn't speak English
|
?
|
Do you speak English?
Jawaban: Yes I do, atau No, I don't
Does she speak English?
Jawaban: Yes She does, atau No, She
doesn’t
|
?
|
Why do you speak English everyday ?
|
PENTING:
Hanya pada kalimat positif, untuk subject "He, She, It", penggunaan kata
kerjanya (VERB) harus diakhiri dengan "s/es." Penambahan
“s/es” pada kata kerja dasar (inifinitive) adalah sebagai
berikut:
Pada umunya kata kerjanya langsung ditambah
dengan akhiran “-s”, contohnya:
Work – Works
Write – Writes
Speak – Speaks
Kata kerja yang berakhiran huruf “ch, o, s,
sh, x” ditambah akhiran “-es”, contohnya:
Pass - Passes
Finish - Finishes
Teach - Teaches
Go - Goes
Fix - Fixes
Kata kerja yang berakhiran dengan huruf “-y”
dan dimulai dengan huruf mati, akhiran “-y” diubah
menjadi “-i” kemudian ditambah “-es”, contohnya:
Study - Studies
Carry - Carries
Cry - Cries
Sedangkan kata kerjanya berakhiran dengan
huruf “-y” yang diawali dengan huruf hidup, cukup ditambah dengan
akhiran “-s” saja, contohnya:
Buy - Buys
Play - Plays
Say - Says
Apabila kata kerjanya diawali dengan huruf
kata kerja bantu (Modal Auxiliaries), maka tidak mendapatkan tambahan “s/es”,contohnya:
He Will
work
She Can
open
He Must
close
Fungsi
Simple Present Tense pada kalimat verbal
Menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang menjadi
kebiasaan atau yang dilakukan pada waktu-waktu tertentu (Habitual Action),
contohnya:
We study hard everyday.
She visits the library twice a month.
Menyatakan suatu kebenaran atau kenyataan
umum, atau suatu kebenaran yang dianggap terjadi terus-mnerus (The General
Truth), contohnya:
A year has twelve months.
The sun rises in the East.
Mengekspresikan kalimat Simple Present
Tense yang tidak menggunakan kata kerja (Non VERB)
+
|
Subject + To be 1 + Non Verb + Object
|
-
|
Subject + To be 1 + NOT + Non Verb + Object
|
?
|
To be 1 + Subject + Non Verb + Object?
|
?
|
Question Word + To be 1 + Subject + Non Verb
+ Object?
|
Contoh :
+
|
I am a teacher.
She is a teacher.
|
-
|
I am not a teacher.
She is not a teacher.
|
?
|
Are you a teacher?
Jawaban: Yes I am, atau No, I am not
Is she a teacher?
Jawaban: Yes She is, atau No, She is not
|
?
|
What are you ?
Jawaban: I am a teacher
Where is your sister ?
Jawaban: She is here
|
Fungsi
Simple Present Tense pada kalimat nomial
Untuk menyatakan suatu keadaan yang sedang
berlangsung saat ini atau sekarang atau perbuatan yang merupakan suatu
kebiasaan, contohnya:
I am a teacher.
They are here now.
Untuk menyatakan kebenaran umum, tetapi dalam
kalimat nominal ini tidak digunakan keterangan waktu, contohnya:
Ice is cold.
Fire is hot.
Keterangan
waktu untuk Simple Present Tense yang digunakan adalah:
Every hour, every minute, every morning,
everyday, in the morning, once a week, on Sunday, at five o’clock and so on.
Simple Past
Tense adalah bentuk waktu yang digunakan untuk
menyatakan suatu perbuatan atau kegiatan yang terjadi dimasa lampau dan waktu
terjadinya persitiwa itu telah diketahui.
Simple Past
Tense menggunakan jenis "TO BE 2" and "VERB
2"
TO BE 2 terdiri dari: was & were (untuk selengkapnya, lihat tabel berikut)
I
|
Was
|
You
|
Were
|
They
|
We
|
He
|
Was
|
She
|
It
|
I
|
Did / Didn't
|
You
|
They
|
We
|
He
She
It
|
CATATAN:
DID digunakan pada kalimat tanya.
DID NOT
(DIDN'T) digunakan pada
kalimat negatif.
TO BE 2 (Was
& Were) digunakan ketika suatu kalimat tidak ada
unsur kata kerja (NON VERB)
VERB 2 hanya digunakan pada kalimat positif saja.
Rumus dan Contoh Kalimat Simple Past Tense
Mengekspresikan
kalimat Simple Past Tense yang
menggunakan kata kerja (VERB)
+
|
Subject + Verb 2 + Object
|
-
|
Subject + DID NOT (DIDN'T) + Verb 1 + Object
|
?
|
DID + Subject + Verb 1 + Object ?
|
?
|
Question Word + DID + Subject + Verb 1 ?
|
Contoh :
+
|
He bought a pair of shoes yesterday.
|
-
|
He didn't buy a pair of shoes yesterday.
|
?
|
Did he buy a pair of shoes yesterday?
Jawaban: Yes He did, atau No, He did not (didn't)
|
?
|
Why did he buy a pair of shoes yesterday?
|
Pada contoh
kalimat positif diatas menggunakan kata kerja bought (bentuk Verb 2 dari kata buy). Hanya pada kalimat positif saja Verb 2 digunakan.
Fungsi Simple Past Tense pada kalimat verbal
Biasanya digunakan
untuk menyatakan suatu keadaan yang telah dilakukan diwaktu lampau dan selesai
pada saat itu juga atau untuk menggambarkan suatu kejadian yang terjadi pada
saat tertentu diwaktu lampau, contohnya:
She finished my homework in the library yesterday.
They worked with me two months ago.
Mengekspresikan
kalimat Simple Past Tense yang tidak
menggunakan kata kerja (Non VERB)
+
|
Subject + To be 2 + Non Verb + Object
|
-
|
Subject + To be 2 + NOT + Non Verb + Object
|
?
|
To be 2 + Subject + Non Verb + Object?
|
?
|
Question Word + To be 2 + Subject + Non Verb +
Object?
|
Contoh :
+
|
I was a singer 5 years ago.
We were a singer 5 years ago.
|
-
|
I was not a singer 5 years ago.
We were not a singer 5 years ago.
|
?
|
Were you a singer 5 years ago?
Jawaban: Yes I was, atau No, I was not
|
?
|
Where were you last night?
Jawaban: I was at home.
Why was she absent yesterday?
Jawaban: She was sick yesterday
|
Fungsi Simple Past Tense pada kalimat nomial
Biasanya
digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kebiasaan diwaktu lampau tetapi tidak
berlangsung lagi sekarang, contohnya:
When I was young, I worked hard
Keterangan waktu untuk Simple Past Tense yang digunakan
adalah:
yesterday, last night, last week, yesterday morning,
an hour ago, two days ago, and so on.
Pengertian Present Continuous
Tense
Present Continuous Tense juga disebut Present Progressive Tense adalah
bentuk waktu yang digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan, keadaan atau
peristiwa yang sedang terjadi pada saat dibicarakan.
CATATAN:
Pada penggunaan Present Continuous Tense kata kerja yang digunakan harus
diakhiri dengan -ing / (Verb + ing).
Bentuk waktu Present Continuous
Tense menggunakan jenis "TO BE 1".
Rumus dan Contoh Kalimat Present Continuous Tense
+
|
Subject + To be 1 + (Verb + ing) + Object
|
-
|
Subject + To be 1 + NOT + (Verb + ing) + Object
|
?
|
To be 1 + Subject + (Verb + ing) + Object ?
|
?
|
Question Word + To be 1 + Subject + (Verb + ing) + Object ?
|
Contoh :
+
|
We are studying now.
|
-
|
We are not (aren't)
studying now.
|
?
|
Are you studying now?
Jawaban: Yes I am, atau I, am not
|
?
|
What are you doing?
Jawaban: I am studying now
Who is studying English?
Jawaban: She is studying English
|
Keterangan waktu untuk Present Continuous Tense yang digunakan adalah:
Now, at present, right now, at the morning, this
afternoon, this morning, today, nowdays, for the time being and so on.
Pengertian Past Continuous Tense
Past Continuous Tense atau Past Progressive Tense adalah bentuk waktu yang digunakan untuk menunjukkan dua kejadian yang
terjadi pada saat yang bersamaan, tetapi satu kejadian terjadi lebih awal dan
masih sedang berlangsung ketika kejadian kedua terjadi.
CATATAN:
Pada
penggunaan Past Continuous Tense kata kerja yang digunakan harus
diakhiri dengan -ing / (Verb + ing).
Bentuk waktu Past Continuous Tense menggunakan jenis "TO BE 2" (was/ were).
Was untuk
subject: I, she, he, it.
Were untuk subject:
you, they, we.
Rumus dan Contoh Past Continuous Tense
+
|
Subject + To be 2 + (Verb + ing) + Object
|
-
|
Subject + To be 2 + NOT + (Verb + ing) + Object
|
?
|
To be 2 + Subject + (Verb + ing( + Object ?
|
?
|
Question Word + To be 2 + Subject + (Verb +
ing) + Object ?
|
Contoh :
+
|
I was walking down the street when it began to rain.
When i was in the park, the sun was shining.
|
-
|
It was not raining when i went to the market last
night.
They were not playing football when you were not at
home.
|
?
|
Was he studying when I arrived at home?
Jawaban: Yes he was, atau he, was not
|
?
|
Why were you reading that book?
What was she doing with this document when all the
staff went home?
|
Fungsi Past Continuous Tense
Terkadang Past Continuous Tense digunakan pada dua bagian dalam satu kalimat dimana
ketika dua kejadian sama-sama berlangsung secara bersamaan, contohnya:
While I was studying in one room of our
apartment, my roomate was having a
party in the other room.
(Artinya:
Ketika saya sedang belajar di salah satu kamar di apartemen kita, teman sekamar
saya sedang berpesta di ruangan lainnya.)
Dalam beberapa
kasus, Simple Past Tense dan Past Continuous
Tense hampir memberikan makna yang sama, contohnya:
It rained this morning. (Artinya: tadi pagi hujan)
It was raining this morning. (tadi pagi sedang hujan)
Simple Future has two different forms in English: "will" and "be
going to." Although the two forms can sometimes be used interchangeably,
they often express two very different meanings. These different
meanings might seem too abstract at first, but with time and practice,
the differences will become clear. Both "will" and "be going to" refer
to a specific time in the future.
FORM Will
[will + verb]
Examples:
- You will help him later.
- Will you help him later?
- You will not help him later.
FORM Be Going To
[am/is/are + going to + verb]
Examples:
- You are going to meet Jane tonight.
- Are you going to meet Jane tonight?
- You are not going to meet Jane tonight.
USE 1 "Will" to Express a Voluntary Action
"Will" often suggests that a speaker will do something voluntarily. A
voluntary action is one the speaker offers to do for someone else.
Often, we use "will" to respond to someone else's complaint or request
for help. We also use "will" when we request that someone help us or
volunteer to do something for us. Similarly, we use "will not" or
"won't" when we refuse to voluntarily do something.
Examples:
- I will send you the information when I get it.
- I will translate the email, so Mr. Smith can read it.
- Will you help me move this heavy table?
- Will you make dinner?
- I will not do your homework for you.
- I won't do all the housework myself!
- A: I'm really hungry.
B: I'll make some sandwiches.
- A: I'm so tired. I'm about to fall asleep.
B: I'll get you some coffee.
- A: The phone is ringing.
B: I'll get it.
USE 2 "Will" to Express a Promise
"Will" is usually used in promises.
Examples:
- I will call you when I arrive.
- If I am elected President of the United States, I will make sure everyone has access to inexpensive health insurance.
- I promise I will not tell him about the surprise party.
- Don't worry, I'll be careful.
- I won't tell anyone your secret.
USE 3 "Be going to" to Express a Plan
"Be going to" expresses that something is a plan. It expresses the
idea that a person intends to do something in the future. It does not
matter whether the plan is realistic or not.
Examples:
- He is going to spend his vacation in Hawaii.
- She is not going to spend her vacation in Hawaii.
- A: When are we going to meet each other tonight?
B: We are going to meet at 6 PM.
- I'm going to be an actor when I grow up.
- Michelle is going to begin medical school next year.
- They are going to drive all the way to Alaska.
- Who are you going to invite to the party?
- A: Who is going to make John's birthday cake?
B: Sue is going to make John's birthday cake.
USE 4 "Will" or "Be Going to" to Express a Prediction
Both "will" and "be going to" can express the idea of a general
prediction about the future. Predictions are guesses about what might
happen in the future. In "prediction" sentences, the subject usually has
little control over the future and therefore USES 1-3 do not apply. In
the following examples, there is no difference in meaning.
Examples:
- The year 2222 will be a very interesting year.
- The year 2222 is going to be a very interesting year.
- John Smith will be the next President.
- John Smith is going to be the next President.
- The movie "Zenith" will win several Academy Awards.
- The movie "Zenith" is going to win several Academy Awards.
IMPORTANT
In the Simple Future, it is not always clear which USE the speaker
has in mind. Often, there is more than one way to interpret a sentence's
meaning.
No Future in Time Clauses
Like all future forms, the Simple Future cannot be used in clauses
beginning with time expressions such as: when, while, before, after, by
the time, as soon as, if, unless, etc. Instead of Simple Future,
Simple Present is used.
Examples:
- When you will arrive tonight, we will go out for dinner. Not Correct
- When you arrive tonight, we will go out for dinner. Correct
ADVERB PLACEMENT
The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc.
Examples:
- You will never help him.
- Will you ever help him?
- You are never going to meet Jane.
- Are you ever going to meet Jane?
ACTIVE / PASSIVE
Examples:
- John will finish the work by 5:00 PM.
- The work will be finished by 5:00 PM.
- Sally is going to make a beautiful dinner tonight.
- A beautiful dinner is going to be made by Sally tonight.
Positive & Negative Sentences
The positive and negative structures for
Be Going To are as follows:
| Positive | Negative
|
|---|
| I am going to | I am not going to
|
| You are going to | You are not going to
|
| He is going to | He is not going to
|
| She is going to | She is not going to
|
| It is going to | It is not going to
|
| We are going to | We are not going to
|
| You are going to | You are not going to
|
| They are going to | They are not going to
|
The structure
BE GOING TO is normally used to indicate the future in English. We use this structure:
1. When we have already decided or we intend to do something in the future:
- I'm going to India next year.
2. When there are definite signs that something is going to happen:
- It's so cold! I think it is going to snow.
3. When something is about to happen:
- Get back! The bomb is going to explode.
Questions with BE GOING TO
Questions are formed by changing the order of the subject and the verb BE:
| Affirmative
| You
| are
| going to
| win the race.
|
| Subject
| BE | GOING TO | |
|
|
| Question
| Are | you
| going to | win the race?
|
| BE
| Subject
| GOING TO | |
You are going to be sick if you eat that. (Positive sentence)
Are you going to be sick if you eat that? (Question)
We are going to take orange juice to the party. (Positive sentence)
Are we going to
take orange juice to the party? (Question)
BE GOING TO in the Past Tense
When
BE GOING TO is used in the past tense, it refers to something that was
going to happen but in the end it did not happen.
Examples:
- I was going to call you but I lost your phone number.
- It was going to rain but suddenly the sun appeared.
- We were going to buy a new TV but then we changed our minds.
- You were going to be my bridesmaid but then you slept with my fiancée.
Gonna
Sometimes when we speak quickly, GOING TO sounds like GONNA. While it
is grammatically incorrect, it is used a lot in very informal
English. You will also occasionally see the word
Gonna written in song titles or in song lyrics.
I'm
gonna go to the beach tomorrow.
= I'm
going to go to the beach tomorrow.
He's
gonna bring his girlfriend to the party.
= He's
going to bring his girlfriend to the party.
The PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
is formed with a present tense form of "to have" plus the past
participle of the verb (which can be either regular or irregular in
form). This tense indicates either that an action was completed
(finished or "perfected") at some point in the past or that the action
extends to the present: 
I have walked two miles already [but I'm still walking]. - I have run the Boston Marathon [but that was some time ago].
- The critics have praised the film Saving Private Ryan since it came out [and they continue to do so].
The choice between Present Perfect and Simple Past is often
determined by the adverbial accompanying the verb. With adverbs
referring to a period gone by, we would use the simple past: - I studied all night/yesterday/on Wednesday.
With adverbs beginning in the past and going up to present, we would use the present perfect: - I have studied up to now/lately/already.
An adverbial time-marker such as "today, this month," or "for an hour" can take either the simple past or present perfect: - I worked/have worked hard today.
We tend to use the Present Perfect when reporting or announcing an event of the recent past:
- The company's current CEO has lied repeatedly to her employees.
But we tend to use the Simple Past when reporting or announcing events of the finished, more distant past:
Washington encouraged his troops.
Because the time limits for Present Perfect are relatively elastic (stretching up to the present), it is somewhat less definite than the Simple Past: - Brett has worked with some of the best chefs of Europe [in the course of his long and continuing career].https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8509661732568763495#editor/target=post;postID=5375046793833084961
- Brett worked with Chef Pierre LeGout [when he lived in Paris].
(Notice how the topic of Brett's work is narrowed down as we move from Present Perfect to Simple Past.)
| Singular | Plural |
| I have walked | we have walked |
| you have walked | you have walked |
| he/she/it has walked | they have walked |
| Singular | Plural |
| I have slept | we have slept |
| you have slept | you have slept |
| he/she/it has slept | they have slept |
| Singular | Plural |
| I have been | we have been |
| you have been | you have been |
| he/she/it has been | they have been |
PASSIVE VOICE FOR ALL TENSES RULES
- The places of subject and object in sentence are inter-changed in passive voice.
- 3rd form of verb (past participle) will be used only (as main verb) in passive voice.
- Auxiliary verbs for each tense are given below in the table.
Present Simple Tense (passive Voice)
Auxiliary verb in passive voice: am/is/are
|
Active voice:
He sings a song.
He does not sing a song.Does he sing a song? |
Passive voice:
A song is sung by him.
A song is not sung by him.
Is a song sung by him? |
Present Continuous Tense (passive Voice)
Auxiliary verb in passive voice: am being/is being/are being
|
Active voice:
I am writing a letter
I am not writing a letter.
Am I writing a letter? |
Passive voice:
A letter is being written by me.
A letter is not being written by me.
Is a letter being written by me? |
Present Perfect Tense (passive Voice)
Auxiliary verb in passive voice: has been/have been
|
Active voice:
She has finished his work
She has not finished her work.
Has she finished her work? |
Passive voice:
Her work has been finished by her.
Her work has not been finished by her.
Has her work been finished by her? |
Past Simple Tense (passive Voice)
Auxiliary verb in passive voice: was/were
|
Active voice:
I killed a snake
I did not kill a snake.
Did I kill a snake? |
Passive voice:
A snake was killed by me.
A snake was not killed by me.
Was a snake killed by me? |
Past Continuous Tense (Passive Voice)
Auxiliary verb in passive voice: was being/were being
|
Active voice:
He was driving a car.
He was not driving a car.
Was he driving a car? |
Passive voice:
A car was being driven by him.
A car was not being driven by him.
Was a car being driven by him? |
Past Perfect Tense (Passive Voice)
Auxiliary verb in passive voice: had been
|
Active voice:
They had completed the assignment.
They had not completed the assignment.
Had they completed the assignment? |
Passive voice:
The assignment had been completed by them.
The assignment had not been complete by them.
Had the assignment been completed by them? |
Future Simple Tense (Passive Voice)
Auxiliary verb in passive voice: will be
|
Active voice:
She will buy a car.
She will not buy a car.
Will she buy a car? |
Passive voice:
A car will be bought by her.
A car will not be bought by her.
Will a car be bought by her? |
Future Perfect Tense (passive Voice)
Auxiliary verb in passive voice: will have been
|
Active voice:
You will have started the job.
You will have not started the job.
Will you have started the job? |
Passive voice:
The job will have been started by you.
The job will not have been started by you.
Will the job have been started by you? |
Note: The following tenses cannot be changed into passive voice.
- Present perfect continuous tense
- Past perfect continuous tense
- Future continuous tense
- Future perfect continuous tense
- Sentence having Intransitive verbs
Fundamental Rules
- The places of subject and object in sentence are inter-changed in passive voice.
- 3rd form of verb (past participle) will be used only (as main verb) in passive voice.
- Auxiliary verbs for each tense are given below in the table.
Terima kasih atas kunjungan anda untuk tenses yang kurang belom saya posting mohon maaf nya ya segera deh menyusul smoga bermanfaat bagi yang berkubjung yang baca dan yang copas .
thanks you verry much
